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Chelone glabra Linnaeus. Common name: White Turtlehead. Phenology: Jul-Oct; Sep-Nov. Habitat: Streambanks, seeps, swamp forests. Distribution: NL (Newfoundland) and MN south to GA and AL.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: The named varieties (or subspecies) are intergrading and the characters used to distinguish them do not correlate well. The species is diploid (Nelson, Elisens, & Benish 1998).

Synonymy : = C, FNA17, GW2, K4, Mi, Mo3, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W; > Chelone chlorantha Pennell & Wherry — S; > Chelone glabra L. ssp. chlorantha (Pennell & Wherry) Pennell — Pennell (1935); > Chelone glabra L. ssp. dilatata (Fernald & Wiegand) Pennell — Pennell (1935); > Chelone glabra L. ssp. elatior (Raf. ) Pennell — Pennell (1935); > Chelone glabra L. ssp. elongata (Pennell & Wherry) Pennell — Pennell (1935); > Chelone glabra L. ssp. ochroleuca (Pennell & Wherry) Pennell — Pennell (1935); > Chelone glabra L. ssp. typica Pennell — Pennell (1935); > Chelone glabra L. var. dilatata Fernald & Wiegand — F; > Chelone glabra L. var. elatior Raf. — F, G, S; > Chelone glabra L. var. elongata Pennell & Wherry — F, G, S; > Chelone glabra L. var. glabra — F, G, Il, S; > Chelone glabra L. var. linifolia Coleman — Il; > Chelone glabra L. var. ochroleuca Pennell & Wherry — G, S; > Chelone montana (Raf.) Pennell & Wherry var. elatior (Raf.) Small — S; > Chelone montana (Raf.) Pennell & Wherry var. montana — S. Basionym: Chelone glabra L. 1753

Links to other floras: = Chelone glabra - FNA17

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: OBL
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: OBL
  • Great Plains: OBL
  • Midwest: OBL
  • Northcentral & Northeast: OBL

Heliophily : 5

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image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

NCBG trait

Intro: Erect perennial of stream banks, seeps and swamp forests.

Stems: Stems simple or sparingly branched, smooth.

Leaves: Leaves opposite, short petiolate or subsessile, lance-shaped tapering to a sharp tip, 4-7 in. long, toothed.

Inforescence:

Flowers: Flowers in dense terminal spikes, each resting on a leafy bract that mostly conceals the stalk; white but pink-tinged at tip; 1--1½ in. long; bilaterally symmetric; inflated-tubular and consisting of a hoodlike upper lip, a 3-lobed lower lip bearing a white or yellowish beard, 4 fertile stamens and a single green-tipped sterile stamen.

Fruits: Fruit a broadly oval capsule.

Comments:

Height: 2-5 ft.

plant sale text: Chelone glabra is best grown in moist to wet, rich, humusy soils in part shade; too much shade, and it may require staking. White turtlehead is found throughout Eastern North America. It is usually found along moist streams, and bottomlands. It spreads slowly by rhizomes and can eventually make small stands in the right conditions. The distinctive shape of its flower gives the plant its common and genus name. Chelone is derived from Greek for tortoise. The flowers attract bees, hummingbirds, and some lepidoptera.

bloom table text:

description: Erect perennial of stream banks, seeps and swamp forests.

stems: Stems simple or sparingly branched, smooth.

leaves: Leaves opposite, short petiolate or subsessile, lance-shaped tapering to a sharp tip, 4-7 in. long, toothed.

inflorescence:

flowers: Flowers in dense terminal spikes, each resting on a leafy bract that mostly conceals the stalk; white but pink-tinged at tip; 1--1½ in. long; bilaterally symmetric; inflated-tubular and consisting of a hoodlike upper lip, a 3-lobed lower lip bearing a white or yellowish beard, 4 fertile stamens and a single green-tipped sterile stamen.

fruits: Fruit a broadly oval capsule.

comments:

cultural notes:

germination code:

native range: eastern North America



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