Helenium virginicum S.F. Blake. Virginia Sneezeweed. Phen: Jul-Sep. Hab: Seasonal sinkhole ponds and clearings where such ponds once occurred. Dist: H. virginicum is bimodally endemic in VA (Augusta and Rockingham counties, VA, where a series of sinkhole ponds (dolines) on acid colluvium support numerous Coastal Plain disjuncts) and MO (Ozarkian highlands); also recently discovered in IN.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Other Comments: See Knox (1987) for a comparison of this narrow endemic and H. autumnale. Knox (1997) presents a study of the demography and habitat of H. virginicum. Knox et al. (2016) studied genetic diversity and population structure of the species in VA and MO.

Synonymy: = C, F, FNA21, G, K1, K3, K4, SE1, Va; < Helenium autumnale L. – GW2, W

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: OBL
• Midwest: OBL

Heliophily: 9