Thaspium trifoliatum (Linnaeus) A. Gray var. aureum (Linnaeus) Britton. Phenology: Apr-May; Jul-Aug. Habitat: Moist forests. Distribution: NY west to MN, south to SC, AL, AR, and se. KS.
Origin/Endemic status: Native
Taxonomy Comments: Various workers have differed on the characters used to separate two varieties in T. trifoliatum. RAB and C separate the two strictly on petal color; F, however, allows var. aureum to sometimes have purple petals, seeming to regard the critical differences to be var. aureum's generally more robust size and larger fruits (4.5 mm long vs. 3-4 mm long). It is presently not clear how two varieties should be separated, or, indeed, if varieties are warranted. Though the ranges overlap, var. aureum is generally more northern and western, var. trifoliatum more southern and eastern.
Synonymy ⓘ: = Ar, K4, S, S13, Coulter & Rose (1900); = Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray var. flavum Blake — C, F, GrPl, Il, MC, Mo2, Pa, RAB, Tn, W, WV, Cooperrider (1985); < Thaspium trifoliatum (L.) A.Gray — Can, G, Mi, Ok, Va, Floden (2019); Smyrnium aureum Linnaeus. Basionym: Smyrnium aureum L. 1753
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Heliophily ⓘ: 5
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© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
© Alan M. Cressler | Original Image ⭷
© Richard & Teresa Ware CC-BY-NC, permission granted to NCBG | Original Image ⭷
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Horticultural Information
Intro: Erect perennial of moist to dry upland forests and clearings.
Stems: Stems occasionally branched, smooth.
Leaves: Basal leaves on petioles with a sheathing base, heart-shaped, 1-4 in. long and toothed; stem leaves alternate, also petiolate, ternately or pinnately divided into 3-5 leaflets that are oval to lance-shaped, toothed and smooth.
Inforescence:
Flowers: Flowers in compound terminal umbels 1-3 in. wide, each with 6-12 stalked umbellets. Flowers yellow, tiny, consisting of 5 petals, a short green to purplish-green calyx with 5 lobes, 5 stamens and a 2-celled ovary with a pair of styles.
Fruits: Fruit a joined pair of elliptic, winged seeds.
Comments:
Height: 1-3 ft.
plant sale text:
bloom table text:
description: Erect perennial of moist to dry upland forests and clearings.
stems: Stems occasionally branched, smooth.
leaves: Basal leaves on petioles with a sheathing base, heart-shaped, 1-4 in. long and toothed; stem leaves alternate, also petiolate, ternately or pinnately divided into 3-5 leaflets that are oval to lance-shaped, toothed and smooth.
inflorescence:
flowers: Flowers in compound terminal umbels 1-3 in. wide, each with 6-12 stalked umbellets. Flowers yellow, tiny, consisting of 5 petals, a short green to purplish-green calyx with 5 lobes, 5 stamens and a 2-celled ovary with a pair of styles.
fruits: Fruit a joined pair of elliptic, winged seeds.
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cultural notes:
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