Spinulum annotinum (Linnaeus) A. Haines. Stiff Clubmoss, Bristly-Clubmoss. Phen: Aug-Oct. Hab: High elevation hardwood or coniferous forests. Dist: A species of N. North America and n. Europe, south in North America to n. NJ, MN, SD, NM, AZ, and OR, and in the Appalachians to WV, sw. VA, w. NC (2022), and e. TN (Blount County); Asian material is segregated as S. lioui Li Bing Zhang (Chen et al. 2021). This species was reported for NC by Lellinger (1985) and FNA, and is apparently indicated as occurring in NC on the range map in Mickel (1979); there is apparently no documentation for these reports, though the species occurs in Grayson County, VA, a county adjacent to NC. In 2022, it was found in Haywood County, NC.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Two varieties have been considered to reach our area: var. acrifolium Fernald and var. annotinum. They are doubtfully distinct but need further study.

Synonymy: = K4, NE, NY, Tn, Va, Haines (2003a); = Lycopodium annotinum L. – C, FNA2, K1, Pa, W, Lin et al (2013); = n/a – RAB; > Lycopodium annotinum L. var. acrifolium Fernald – F, G, WV; > Lycopodium annotinum L. var. annotinum – F, G, Md, WV; > Lycopodium annotinum L. var. pungens Desv. ex Springel – WV

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
• Great Plains: FAC
• Midwest: FAC
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC

Heliophily: 4