Aquilegia canadensis Linnaeus. Canada Columbine, Eastern Columbine. Phen: Mar-Jun. Hab: Forests, woodlands, rock outcrops, especially (though by no means entirely) on calcareous or mafic substrates. Dist: NS, QC, ON, MB, and SK south to Panhandle FL, s. AL, ne. MS (Tishomingo County), w. TN, c. AR, and se. OK; disjunct in Edwards Plateau of TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Taxonomy Comments: Disjunct populations in the deep South, on limestone in sw. GA and FL Panhandle, have been described as A. australis or A. canadensis var. australis; they need additional study.

Other Comments: One of our most familiar wildflowers, and popular in native plant horticulture.

Synonymy: = Ar, C, Fl2, FNA3, G, GrPl, Il, K1, K3, K4, Mi, NcTx, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, Tat, Tn, Va, W, WH3; > Aquilegia australis Small – S, S13; > Aquilegia canadensis L. – S, S13; > Aquilegia canadensis L. var. australis (Small) Munz – Munz (1946); > Aquilegia canadensis L. var. canadensis – F, Munz (1946); > Aquilegia canadensis L. var. coccinea (Small) Munz – F, Munz (1946); > Aquilegia canadensis L. var. hybrida Hook. – F; > Aquilegia canadensis L. var. latiuscula (Greene) Munz – F, Tx, Munz (1946); > Aquilegia coccinea Small – S, S13

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACU
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC
• Great Plains: FAC
• Midwest: FACU
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACU

Heliophily: 5