*Ficaria verna Hudson ssp. calthifolia (Reichenbach) Nyman. Lesser Celandine, Fig Buttercup. Phen: Mar-May. Hab: Disturbed rich forests and bottomlands, mesic suburban forests, lawns, ditches, stream- and river-banks, naturalized from horticultural plantings. Dist: Native of ec. and se. Europe. Naturalized in the US in CT, DE, DC, IL, KY, MD, MA, MI, MO, NJ, NY, OH, OR, PA, TN, VA, WA, WV, WI (Post et al. 2009), and beyond in the years since.

Origin/Endemic status: Europe

Synonymy: = Ficaria calthifolia Rchb. – Banfi, Galasso, & Soldano (2011); = n/a – RAB, Tat; = Ranunculus ficaria L. ssp. calthifolius (Rchb.) Arcang. – Il, Sell (1994); < Ficaria verna Huds. – Mi, NY, Va; < Ficaria verna Huds. ssp. calthifolia (Rchb.) Nyman – K4; < Ranunculus ficaria L. – C, F, FNA3, G, Pa, Tn, WV; < Ranunculus ficaria L. ssp. bulbifer Lambinon; < Ranunculus ficaria L. var. bulbifera Marsden-Jones – K1, K3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Great Plains: FACW (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Midwest: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Northcentral & Northeast: FACW (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily: 3