Xanthium chinense P. Miller. Cocklebur. Phen: Aug-Oct. Hab: Barnyards, pastures, bottomlands, other disturbed areas. Dist: Widespread in e. North America, and now nearly cosmopolitan; its original distribution uncertain. Despite the name, this species is likely native to e. North America.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Synonymy: = Tomasello (2018); = Xanthium strumarium L. ssp. cavanillesii (Schouw) D.Löve & Dans. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist – Löve & Dansereau (1959); = Xanthium strumarium L. var. glabratum (DC.) Cronquist – C, G, GrPl, K1, NE, NY, Oh3, RAB, SE1, W; > Xanthium americanum Walter; > Xanthium chasei Fernald – F, Il; > Xanthium chinense Mill. – F, Il, Tat; > Xanthium glabrum Small; > Xanthium globosum Shull – F, Il; > Xanthium inflexum Mack. & Bush – F, Il; < Xanthium strumarium L. – Bah, Fl7, FNA21, GW2, K3, K4, Mex, Mi, Mo2, Pa, Tn, Tx, Va, WH3

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Great Plains: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Midwest: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)
• Northcentral & Northeast: FAC (taxonomic split from wetland indicator species)

Heliophily: 9