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Ilex verticillata (Linnaeus) A. Gray. Section: Prinos. Common name: Winterberry, "Black Alder", Fevertree. Phenology: Apr-Jun; Sep-Nov. Habitat: Bogs, pocosins, swampy forests. Distribution: NL (Newfoundland) west to MN, south to Panhandle FL and se. TX.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Synonymy : = Ar, Can, Fl7, GW2, Il, K4, Mi, NE, NY, Pa, RAB, S, S13, Tat, Tn, Tx, Va, W, WH3, WV, Clark (2023), Godfrey (1988); > Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray var. fastigiata (E.P.Bicknell) Fernald — F; > Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray var. padifolia (Willd.) Torr. & A.Gray ex S.Watson — C, F, G, Mo2; > Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray var. tenuifolia (Torr.) S.Watson — F; > Ilex verticillata (L.) A.Gray var. verticillata — C, F, G; Prinos verticillatus Linnaeus — (basionym)

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Wetland Indicator Status:

  • Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FACW
  • Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FACW
  • Midwest: FACW
  • Northcentral & Northeast: FACW

Heliophily : 4

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image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Bruce A. Sorrie | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Grant Morrow Parkins | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Collectors SOS | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Scott Ward | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Grant Morrow Parkins | Original Image ⭷

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Horticultural Information

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native range
6-10 ft.
Winterberry grows into a dense, oval shrub that tends to sucker from the ground. The axillary red berries are a wonderful winter attraction. This species is especially useful for wet areas and as a specimen plant in the shrub border to add winter color. It is found throughout North Carolina growing along streams, wooded pond banks and in swampy areas. This species is dioecious, and only female plants produce fruit. An important pollinator plant, and the genus Ilex supports up to 34 lepidoptera species. It is the host plant for the Henrys Elfin butterfly. Birds enjoy the berries.
eastern North America


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