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Ilex Linnaeus. Holly, Winterberry, Gallberry, Dahoon.

Key to Ilex

A genus of 400-500 species, mostly trees and shrubs, cosmopolitan and widespread in tropical and temperate areas, especially Asia and America. The genus Nemopanthus is deeply embedded in the phylogenetic tree of Ilex and is clearly best subsumed into it (Manen, Boulter, & Naciri-Graven 2002). The clades shown are from Yao et al. (2021).

ID notes:Some of our species can be superficially similar to various shrubs and trees of the Rosaceae, in their deciduous, alternate, toothed leaves borne on spur shoots.

Ref: Clark (2023); Godfrey (1988); Krakow (1989); Manen, Boulter, & Naciri-Graven (2002); Powell et al. (2000); Whittemore [in prep.]; Wunderlin & Poppleton (1977); Yao et al. (2021). Show full citations.

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Hover over a shape, letter, icon, or arrow on the map to see what it means. Data for arrows not developed for genera and families which may have species only occurring outside the flora area.

image of plant© Keith Bradley | Ilex opaca | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Gary P. Fleming | Ilex collina | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Erik Danielson | Ilex opaca source | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Bruce A. Sorrie | Ilex laevigata | Original Image ⭷
image of plant© Keith Bradley | Ilex glabra | Original Image ⭷