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Frangula P. Miller. Buckthorn.

Key to Frangula

A genus of ca. 50 species, shrubs and small trees, of the northern hemisphere. The distinctions between Frangula and Rhamnus s.l. are many and meaningful; their separation at the generic level seems warranted based on morphological and molecular analyses (Richardson et al. 2000a; Bolmgren & Oxelman 2004; Hauenschild et al. 2016a, 2016b).

Ref: Bolmgren & Oxelman (2004); Brizicky (1964a); Hauenschild et al. (2016a); Hauenschild et al. (2016b); Medan & Schirarend In Kubitzki et al. (2004); Nesom in FNA (in prep.); Richardson et al. (2000a); Sawyer & Nesom (2016) In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2016). Show full citations.

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Hover over a shape, letter, icon, or arrow on the map for definition or see the legend. Data for arrows not developed for genera and families which may have species only occurring outside the flora area.

image of plant© Alan Cressler: Frangula caroliniana (Rhamnus caroliniana), Sauta Cave National Wildlife Refuge, Jackson County, Alabama 2 by Alan Cressler | Frangula caroliniana source | Original Image ⭷

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