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1 Leaves unifoliolate; fruit glabrous, 4.5-25 cm long (except ca. 2.5-5 cm long in C. japonica, which has glabrous fruit). |
2 Ovary with 3- or 4- locular (rarely 6), each of these bearing 3 or 4 ovules |
2 Ovary with (6-) 7-15 locules, each with many ovules. |
3 Petiole not winged, and lacking an articulation at the juncture with the blade; fruit 15-25 cm long, the rind ( exocarp) wider than the pulp ( mesocarp) |
3 Petiole winged (except C. reticulata, which sometimes lacks wings entirely), and with an articulation at the juncture with the blade; fruit 4.5-15 cm long |
4 Outer petal surfaces and flower buds pink or purple tinged. |
5 Petiole slightly margined; fruit apex with a prominent nipple |
5 Petiole BLANK; fruit apex with a truncate or depressed, sunken nipple |
4 Outer petal surfaces and flower buds white or cream-colored. |
6 Flowers ≤ 25 mm wide, the petals 8-12 mm long; the fruit ≤ 4(-5) cm wide. |
7 Mature fruit with an apical nipple, the rinds green to yellow |
7 Mature fruit with an apical nipple, the rinds orange |
6 Flowers ≥ 25 mm wide, the petals 14-25 mm long; the fruit 3-15 cm wide. |
8 Petiole wings absent, or only present on one side (subequal to or narrower than the petiole width); rinds ( exocarp) 1-4 mm thick, not readily adherent and easily separated from the mesocarp (pulp) |
8 Petiole wing on one side usually subequal to wider than the width of the petiole; rinds ( exocarp) 5-12 mm thick, adherent and not easily separated from the mesocarp (pulp). |
1 Herbs, becoming somewhat woody at the base, < 1 (exceptionally to 1.4) m tall; [subfamily Rutoideae]. |
2 Leaves 2- pinnatifid, with many segments; [ exotic, grown horticulturally, scattered as persistent or weakly naturalized] |
2 Leaves simple; [native in calcareous grasslands and woodlands in ne. and c. TX westwards and southwards] |
1 Shrubs and trees, definitely woody, > 1 m tall when mature (flowering and fruiting). |
3 Leaves either simple, or unifoliolate and appearing simple. |
4 Stems unarmed, inflorescence axes and young stems with short, red-brown, scurfy hairs; inflorescences of short, compact to somewhat elongate racemes; [subfamily Aurantioideae; Bergera alliance] |
4 Stems armed or unarmed, inflorescences and young stems glabrous, or pubescent with short, grey to white, erect to curved hairs; inflorescences of small fascicles, or solitary or paired flowers; [subfamily Aurantioideae; Citrus alliance]. |
5 Hesperidia bluish black when ripe, 0.8-1.2 cm in diameter; stamens 10; petiole not winged; stems armed; abaxial leaf surface with raised lateral veins; petals < 0.5 cm long |
5 Hesperidia green, yellow, or orange when ripe, > 1.5 cm in diameter; stamens 20+; petiole usually winged; stems armed or unarmed; abaxial leaf surface without raised lateral veins; petals > 1 cm long |
3 Leaves pinnately or palmately compound (1-foliolate leaves sometimes also present). |
6 Leaves 1- pinnate, either odd-pinnate and (3-) 5-19-foliolate or even-pinnate and (4-) 6-8 (-14)-foliolate. |
7 Leaves opposite; stems and leaves unarmed. |
8 Axillary buds concealed beneath the base of the petioles on mature, leafy stems; leaflets (7-) 9-13; bark on older stems corky; [subfamily Zanthoxyloideae] |
8 Axillary buds exposed above the base of the leaf petioles on mature, leafy stems; leaflets 3-9 (-11); bark on older stems smooth to somewhat rough but never corky. |
9 Fruit a drupe; diameter of mid-point of internodes of leafy branches usually 1-3 mm; internode lenticels usually < 0.3 mm long, mostly round (or absent); [native in FL and TX, and also planted and escaped in FL]; [subfamily Amyridoideae] |
9 Fruit of 1-5 follicles; diameter of mid-point of internodes of leafy branches usually 3-6 mm; internode lenticels usually > 0.4 mm long and round to elongate; [planted and escaped in more northern parts of our area]; [subfamily Zanthoxyloideae] |
7 Leaves alternate; stems and leaves either unarmed, or armed with prickles. |
10 Leaflets alternate on the rachis; fruit a berry, orange to red when ripe; stems and leaves unarmed; [subfamily Aurantioideae] |
10 Leaflets opposite on the rachis; stems either not armed ( Glycosmis) or stems (and also often leaves) armed with prickles ( Zanthoxylum, except Z. flavum). |
11 Fruit a berry; [subfamily Aurantioideae] |
11 Fruit of 1-5 follicles; [subfamily Zanthoxyloideae] |
6 Leaves palmately 3-foliolate. |
12 Branches armed with axillary spines; fruit a hesperidium; [subfamily Aurantioideae]. |
13 Petiole winged; stamens 20+; hesperidia 4-5 cm in diameter, dark yellow to orange when ripe, densely pubescent, usually with > 20 seeds (looking like a small, hairy orange) |
13 Petiole not winged; stamens 6-10; hesperidia 1-1.5 cm in diameter, glabrous, red when ripe, with 1-4 seeds; spines usually paired at nodes; petals often 3 |
12 Branches unarmed; fruit a drupe, few-seeded berry, or samara. |
14 Fruit a drupe or few-seeded berry; [subfamily Amyridoideae] |
14 Fruit a samara; [subfamily Zanthoxyloideae] |
