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1 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines. |
..2 Prostrate or climbing woody vines (lianas), or sprawling shrubs. |
....3 Leaf bases cordate, rounded, or truncate; leaves usually cordate, ovate, or deltoid shaped (occasionally hastate or broadly elliptic); corolla pale lilac colored; [non-native, se. US including FL; tribe Paederieae] |
....3 Leaf bases cuneate to rounded but not cordate; leaves oblanceolate, lanceolate or linear; corolla white or yellow; [native, FL]. |
......4 Flowers and fruit sessile or subsessile; fruit yellow |
......4 Flowers and fruit borne on pedicels or peduncles; fruit white |
..2 Shrub or tree, plants upright. |
........5 Inflorescence spherical or globular, in a tight round head; [collectively widespread] |
..........6 Fruits dry, dehiscent; [subfamily Cinchonoideae; tribe Naucleeae] |
..........6 Fruits fleshy, indehiscent; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Morindeae] |
........5 Inflorescence cymose, thyrsoid, or corymbose (the inflorescence more open, not round and compact); [Coastal Plain, from s. SC southward]. |
............ 7 Plants with paired spines. |
............ ..8 Corolla lobes 4; leaves to ca. 1 cm long; fruit ca. 5 mm long |
............ ..8 Corolla lobes 5; leaves ca. 2-5 cm long ; fruit ca. 10 mm long |
............ 7 Plants unarmed, not bearing spines or thorns. |
............ ....9 Flowers orange-red; leaves usually whorled; [subfamily Cinchonoideae; tribe Hamelieae] |
............ ....9 Flowers white, green, or maroon; leaves opposite. |
............ ......10 Leaves linear, revolute, and strongly congested; [FL keys southward] |
............ ......10 Leaves broad, not linear, nor strongly congested; [collectively more widespread] |
............ ........11 Flowers solitary, terminal; [subfamily Ixoroideae; tribe Gardenieae] |
............ ........11 Flowers in cymose or thyrsoid inflorescences. |
............ ..........12 Inflorescence cymose; some calyx lobes expanded into pink or reddish “flags”; leaves deciduous; domatia not present; [of s. SC southward]; [subfamily Ixoroideae; tribe Condamineeae] |
............ ..........12 Inflorescences thyrsoid; calyx lobes inconspicuous; leaves evergreen; domatia present in secondary vein axils; [of ne. FL southward] |
 Show caption*© Sequoia Janirella Wrens, some rights reserved (CC BY-NC), uploaded by Sequoia Janirella Wrens ............ ............ 13 Lateral veins 3-6 on either side of the midvein; fruit white; petals yellowish, > 6 mm long; [subfamily Cinchonoideae; tribe Chiococceae] |
............ ............ 13 Lateral veins 8-14 on either side of the midvein; fruit red; petals white, <5 mm long; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Psychotrieae] |
1 Herbs (or creeping subshrubs in Mitchella). |
............ ............ ..14 Leaves whorled; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Rubieae] |
............ ............ ..14 Leaves opposite |
............ ............ ....15 Flowers paired, the ovaries connate and developing into a single fleshy red fruit; leaves roundish; creeping subshrub; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Mitchelleae] |
............ ............ ....15 Flowers single or in inflorescences with multiple flowers, the fruits either dry or fleshy and yellowish or black; leaves various; herb; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Spermacoceae]. |
............ ............ ......16 Carpels with few to many seeds. |
............ ............ ........17 Corolla 5-lobed |
............ ............ ........17 Corolla 4-lobed. |
............ ............ ..........18 Capsule longer than the calyx tube; flowers blue, pink, or white |
............ ............ ..........18 Capsule not longer than the calyx tube; flowers white |
............ ............ ......16 Carpels 1-seeded. |
............ ............ ............ 19 Flowers in dense, terminal, involucrate heads; flowers 4- or-6-lobed; styles 3 |
............ ............ ............ 19 Flowers in axillary or terminal clusters, or single in axils, not involucrate; flowers 4-lobed; styles 2. |
............ ............ ............ ..20 Flowers usually solitary in leaf axils; fruit separating into 2 parts. |
............ ............ ............ ....21 Sepals 4 and similar in size; style entire; [of dry habitats] |
............ ............ ............ ....21 Sepals 2 (or 4, and then markedly dimorphic); style cleft; [of moist to wet habitats] |
............ ............ ............ ..20 Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters; fruits not separating into 2 parts. |
............ ............ ............ ......22 Carpels opening transversely |
............ ............ ............ ......22 Carpels opening longitudinally |
1 Leaves tiny, bract-like, triangular, 6-14 (-17) per node |
1 Leaves either needle-like, scale-like, or flattened and large, (2-) 3-4 (-6) per node. |
..2 Leaves needle-like or scale-like, terete, angled, or flat in ×-section, < 2 cm long; leaves (2-) 3-4 (-6) per node |
..2 Leaves flat, > 3 cm long; leaves (2-) 3 per node; [Eudicots]. |
....3 Plant a subshrub, < 3 dm tall, with < 10 leaves per stem. |
......4 Leaves entire, broadly elliptic; flowers numerous, in a hemispherical head, subtended by 4 large white bracts |
......4 Leaves serrate, narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate; flowers (1-) 2-8 in a long-peduncled umbel or corymb, not subtended by bracts |
....3 Plant a shrub or tree, > 3 dm tall, with many > 10 leaves per stem. |
........5 Leaves toothed, and most leaves also lobed |
........5 Leaves entire, not lobed. |
..........6 Leaves cordate at base; leaves about as long as wide; medium to large tree. |
............ 7 Flowers white to yellow; capsules linear, >10× as long as wide; leaf undersurface with curly simple hairs; nectar glands present in the main vein axils on the undersurface of the leaf (visible from the underside or the upperside in fresh leaves and herbarium specimens as a triangle 1-4 mm on a side) |
............ 7 Flowers lavender; capsules ellipsoid, < 2× as long as wide; leaf undersurface with branched (dendritic or stellate) hairs; nectar glands absent |
..........6 Leaves cuneate to rounded at base; leaves > 1.5× as long as wide; shrub to small tree. |
............ ..8 Leaves rounded at the tip |
............ ..8 Leaves acute to acuminate at the tip. |
............ ....9 Leaves lanceolate or oblong-elliptic (> 2.5× as long as wide), the secondary venation not prominent; inflorescences axillary or terminal; flowers pink or white. |
............ ......10 Inflorescences axillary; flowers pink; leaves thin and herbaceous; [native plants of wetlands] |
............ ......10 Inflorescences terminal or axillary; flowers pink or white; leaves thick and leathery; [exotics of uplands or wetlands, persistent or weakly naturalized] |
............ ........11 Fruit berry-like with 2-locular ovaries; flowers white-colored, smaller; inflorescence axillary or pseudo-terminal; leaves opposite to whorled |
............ ........11 Fruit follicles; flowers variously colored, showy and salverform; inflorescence terminal; leaves alternate to whorled (pseudo-whorled) |
............ ....9 Leaves ovate (< 2× as long as wide), the secondary venation prominent and arching-parallel; inflorescences terminal; flowers white, greenish-yellow, red, or orange. |
............ ..........12 Flowers in a spherical or hemispherical head; corollas white or greenish-yellow |
............ ..........12 Flowers in a monochasial helicoid cyme; corollas red to orange |
