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1 Trees, shrubs, or woody vines. |
..2 Prostrate or climbing woody vine (liana), rooting at nodes; corolla lilac; [alien]; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Paederieae] |
..2 Shrub or tree (sometimes somewhat scrambling, but not rooting at nodes); corolla white, green, maroon, or orange-red; [native or alien]. |
....3 Inflorescence spherical or globular; [collectively widespread] |
......4 Fruits dry, dehiscent; [subfamily Cinchonoideae; tribe Naucleeae] |
......4 Fruits fleshy, indehiscent; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Morindeae] |
....3 Inflorescence cymose, thyrsoid, or corymbose; [Coastal Plain, from s. SC southward]. |
........5 Flowers orange-red; leaves usually whorled; [subfamily Cinchonoideae; tribe Hamelieae] |
........5 Flowers white, green, or maroon; leaves opposite. |
..........6 Flowers solitary, terminal; [subfamily Ixoroideae; tribe Gardenieae] |
..........6 Flowers in cymose or thyrsoid inflorescences. |
............ 7 Inflorescence cymose; some calyx lobes expanded into pink or reddish “flags”; leaves deciduous; domatia not present; [of s. SC southward]; [subfamily Ixoroideae; tribe Condamineeae] |
............ 7 Inflorescences thyrsoid; calyx lobes inconspicuous; leaves evergreen; domatia present in secondary vein axils; [of ne. FL southward] |
............ ..8 Lateral veins 3-6 on either side of the midvein; fruit white; petals yellowish, > 6 mm long; [subfamily Cinchonoideae; tribe Chiococceae] |
............ ..8 Lateral veins 8-14 on either side of the midvein; fruit red; petals white, <5 mm long; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Psychotrieae] |
1 Herbs (or creeping subshrubs in Mitchella). |
............ ....9 Leaves whorled; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Rubieae] |
............ ....9 Leaves opposite |
............ ......10 Flowers paired, the ovaries connate and developing into a single fleshy red fruit; leaves roundish; creeping subshrub; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Mitchelleae] |
............ ......10 Flowers single or in inflorescences with multiple flowers, the fruits either dry or fleshy and yellowish or black; leaves various; herb; [subfamily Rubioideae; tribe Spermacoceae]. |
............ ........11 Carpels with few to many seeds. |
............ ..........12 Corolla 5-lobed |
............ ..........12 Corolla 4-lobed. |
............ ............ 13 Capsule longer than the calyx tube; flowers blue, pink, or white |
............ ............ 13 Capsule not longer than the calyx tube; flowers white |
............ ........11 Carpels 1-seeded. |
............ ............ ..14 Flowers in dense, terminal, involucrate heads; flowers 4- or-6-lobed; styles 3 |
............ ............ ..14 Flowers in axillary or terminal clusters, or single in axils, not involucrate; flowers 4-lobed; styles 2. |
............ ............ ....15 Flowers usually solitary in leaf axils; fruit separating into 2 parts. |
............ ............ ......16 Sepals 4 and similar in size; style entire; [of dry habitats] |
............ ............ ......16 Sepals 2 (or 4, and then markedly dimorphic); style cleft; [of moist to wet habitats] |
............ ............ ....15 Flowers in terminal and axillary clusters; fruits not separating into 2 parts. |
............ ............ ........17 Carpels opening transversely |
............ ............ ........17 Carpels opening longitudinally |
1 Leaves tiny, bract-like, triangular, 6-14 (-17) per node |
1 Leaves either needle-like, scale-like, or flattened and large, (2-) 3-4 (-6) per node. |
..2 Leaves needle-like or scale-like, terete, angled, or flat in ×-section, < 2 cm long; leaves (2-) 3-4 (-6) per node |
..2 Leaves flat, > 3 cm long; leaves (2-) 3 per node; [Eudicots]. |
....3 Plant a subshrub, < 3 dm tall, with < 10 leaves per stem. |
......4 Leaves entire, broadly elliptic; flowers numerous, in a hemispherical head, subtended by 4 large white bracts |
......4 Leaves serrate, narrowly ovate or narrowly obovate; flowers (1-) 2-8 in a long-peduncled umbel or corymb, not subtended by bracts |
....3 Plant a shrub or tree, > 3 dm tall, with many > 10 leaves per stem. |
........5 Leaves toothed, and most leaves also lobed |
........5 Leaves entire, not lobed. |
..........6 Leaves cordate at base; leaves about as long as wide; medium to large tree. |
............ 7 Flowers white to yellow; capsules linear, >10× as long as wide; leaf undersurface with curly simple hairs; nectar glands present in the main vein axils on the undersurface of the leaf (visible from the underside or the upperside in fresh leaves and herbarium specimens as a triangle 1-4 mm on a side) |
............ 7 Flowers lavender; capsules ellipsoid, < 2× as long as wide; leaf undersurface with branched (dendritic or stellate) hairs; nectar glands absent |
..........6 Leaves cuneate to rounded at base; leaves > 1.5× as long as wide; shrub to small tree. |
............ ..8 Leaves rounded at the tip |
............ ..8 Leaves acute to acuminate at the tip. |
............ ....9 Leaves lanceolate (> 2.5× as long as wide), the secondary venation not prominent; inflorescences axillary or terminal; flowers pink or white. |
............ ......10 Inflorescences terminal; flowers pink or white; leaves thick and leathery; [alien plants of uplands, persistent or weakly naturalized] |
............ ......10 Inflorescences axillary; flowers pink; leaves thin and herbaceous; [native plants of wetlands] |
............ ....9 Leaves ovate (< 2× as long as wide), the secondary venation prominent and arching-parallel; inflorescences terminal; flowers white, greenish-yellow, red, or orange. |
............ ........11 Flowers in a spherical or hemispherical head; corollas white or greenish-yellow |
............ ........11 Flowers in a monochasial helicoid cyme; corollas red to orange |