Nephroia carolina (Linnaeus) Lian Lian & Wei Wang. Coralbeads, Carolina Moonseed, Snailseed, Red Moonseed. Phen: Jun-Aug; Jul-Oct. Hab: Moist to dry forests and thickets, especially where calcareous, also weedy in landscaped areas. Dist: VA south to FL, west to TX, north in the interior to s. IN and MO. The occurrences in VA may be primarily adventive.

Origin/Endemic status: Native

Synonymy: = K4, Lian et al (2020); = Cebatha carolina (L.) Britton – S13; = Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC. – C, F, FNA3, G, GrPl, Il, K1, K3, NcTx, RAB, Tx, Va, W, WH3; = Epibaterium carolinum (L.) Britton – S

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Wetland Indicator Status:

• Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain: FAC (name change)
• Eastern Mountains and Piedmont: FAC (name change)
• Great Plains: FACU (name change)
• Midwest: FAC (name change)

Heliophily: 6