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1 Leaf blades usually < 12 mm wide and < 2 cm long (on floreal shoots). |
..2 Leaf blades often nearly wide as long, blade broadly obovate or suborbicular. |
....3 Leaves denticulate or remotely toothed, rarely lobed; petiole glabrate; shrub usually < 1m tall |
....3 Leaves sharply toothed, often lobed; petiole hairy; shrub or tree > 1 m tall |
..2 Leaf blades 1.5-2× long as broad, mostly spatulate or oblanceolate. |
......4 Leaves and flower pedicels glabrate |
......4 Leaves and flower pedicels pubescent to tomentose. |
........5 Leaf blade attenuate along most of petiole, margin subentire, obscurely toothed near apex |
........5 Leaf blade cuneate at base, margin distinctly toothed or dentate near apex. |
..........6 Thorns 1-3 cm long; plant usually < 1 m tall |
..........6 Thorns 3-6 cm long; plant usually 1-2 m tall |
1 Leaf blades mostly > 12 mm wide and > 2 cm long. |
............ 7 Leaf margin mostly subentire; may have glandular-denticulate teeth or 3 lobelike points on distal part of blade. |
............ ..8 Leaves often with 3 lobelike points near apex. |
............ ....9 Leaves persistently tomentose; fruit subglobose |
............ ....9 Leaves pubescent to glabrate; fruit pyriform |
............ ..8 Leaves denticulate or subentire to apex, rarely with any lobelike points. |
............ ......10 Thorns abundant, present at nearly every node and > 3 cm long |
............ ......10 Thorns less numerous, most < 3 cm long. |
............ ........11 Leaves elliptic-obovate, blade attenuate for about half of petiole |
............ ........11 Leaves generally spatulate, blade attenuate for most of petiole |
............ 7 Leaf margin toothed along at least half of margin, the teeth fine, acute, obtuse or dentate. |
............ ..........12 Floreal leaves often rhomboid or broadly elliptical; twigs and branches usually not drooping. |
............ ............ 13 Leaves distinctly sharply toothed and/or lobed; blades broadly ovate on terminal shoots and > 3.5 cm long |
............ ............ 13 Leaves with small or blunt teeth, mostly unlobed; blades rhombic, obovate or orbicular on terminal shoots, < 3.5 cm long. |
............ ............ ..14 Stamens 10 per flower; terminal shoot leaves broadly rhombic to suborbicular |
............ ............ ..14 Stamens 20 per flower; terminal shoot leaves usually orbicular or broadly obovate |
............ ..........12 Floreal leaves mostly obovate or spatulate; leading twigs or branches drooping or pendulous. |
............ ............ ....15 Leaf apex rounded or with an abrupt short point, margins finely or sharply toothed beyond middle of blade; terminal shoot leaves unlobed to very obscurely lobed. |
............ ............ ......16 Leaves and inflorescence thinly hairy or glabrate. |
............ ............ ........17 Leaves and inflorescence sparsely hairy; pyrenes 3-5 per fruit |
............ ............ ........17 Leaves and inflorescence essentially glabrous; pyrenes 2 or 3 per fruit |
............ ............ ......16 Leaves and inflorescence densely hairy. |
............ ............ ..........18 Leaf teeth sharp, conspicuously black-glandular, apex rather jagged-toothed |
............ ............ ..........18 Leaf teeth small, fine or partly crenate. |
............ ............ ............ 19 Leaves persistently pubescent, apex usually rounded |
............ ............ ............ 19 Leaves pubescent when young, later glabrate, apex with a short point |
............ ............ ....15 Leaf apex 3-lobed or with 3-5 distinct points or several larger teeth; terminal shoot leaves moderately to deeply lobed. |
............ ............ ............ ..20 Fruit usually < 10 mm diameter, with calyx collar elevated. |
............ ............ ............ ....21 Leaf shape often spatulate, lobes and teeth blunt to subacute |
............ ............ ............ ....21 Leaf shape often narrowly obovate, lobes and teeth dentate or sharp |
............ ............ ............ ..20 Fruit often 10 mm diameter or more, calyx sessile. |
............ ............ ............ ......22 Terminal shoot leaves ovate, tomentose, sharply serrate and deeply incised |
............ ............ ............ ......22 Terminal shoot leaves mostly obovate, pubescent or glabrate. |
............ ............ ............ ........23 Leaves partly oblanceolate, usually with 2 pairs of main lateral veins; fruit 10-14mm, flesh dense |
............ ............ ............ ........23 Leaves obovate or sub-rhombic, with 3-5 pairs of main lateral veins; fruit 12-15 mm, flesh soft. |
............ ............ ............ ..........24 Leaf base narrowly cuneate; lobes and teeth obtuse or rounded |
............ ............ ............ ..........24 Leaf base short-cuneate or acute; lobes or teeth acute |