| Family | Scientific Name | Common Name | Habitat | Distribution | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine angustata | Eastern Slender Toothwort | Rich, mesic forests. | NJ and IN south to n. GA, c. TN, and ne. MS. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine bulbosa | Bulbous Bittercress | Swampy forests and bogs, primarily (but not strictly) in circumneutral soils over limestone or mafic rocks. | ME west to MB, south to FL, LA, and TX. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine clematitis | Mountain Bittercress | Shaded brookbanks, rock outcrops with seepage, at high elevations (1200m and above). | Endemic to the high elevation Southern Appalachians of w. NC, e. TN, sw. VA, and ne. GA (Brasstown Bald). A report for SC (Gaddy et al. 1984) is erroneous, based on material of C. flagellifera (Gaddy 2014). |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine concatenata | Cutleaf Toothwort | Rich, mesic forests. | ME, QC and MN south to FL Panhandle, LA, OK, and TX. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine dentata | American Cuckoo-flower, Lady's-smock, White Cuckoo-flower | Seeps, bogs, and swamps. | NS and QC west to MB, south to NJ, VA, and OH. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine diphylla | Crinkleroot, Toothwort, Turkey Mustard | Rich, mesic forests. | NB west to MN, south to n. GA, SC, and AL. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine dissecta | Dissected Toothwort | Rich, mesic forests. | C. OH and s. IN south through c. KY and c. and e. TN to nw. GA, c. AL, and extreme nw. MS; disjunct east of the Blue Ridge in sc. VA and c. NC. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine douglassii | Purple Cress, Limestone Bittercress, Douglass's Bittercress, Pink Spring-cress | Nutrient-rich, mesic forests, especially alluvial bottomlands, and in nutrient-rich seepages. | NY, ON, and MN south to c. NC (in the drainages of the Neuse, Meherrin, and rarely Cape Fear rivers), sc. TN, AL, and MO. Reports for SC are based on misidentification of C. bulbosa. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine flagellifera | Large-flowered Blue Ridge Bittercress | In seepages, on streambanks, and in moist cove or bottomland forests, mainly at moderate to low elevations. | C. flagellifera is endemic to the Southern Appalachians of w. NC, SC, e. TN, GA, VA, and WV. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine hirsuta | Hairy Bittercress | Disturbed areas, including fields and gardens. | Native of Europe. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine impatiens | Narrowleaf Bittercress, Bushy Bittercress | Alluvial floodplains (in NC, VA, and WV, notably in the New River drainage). | Native of Europe. See Poindexter (2006). Reported for MD (Knapp et al. 2011). |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine longii | Long's Bittercress | Tidal freshwater marshes and cypress-gum swamps. | Coastal in distribution, irregularly from ME south to NC and SC (or FL?). |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine maxima | Large Toothwort | Moist forests. | NB, ON, and MI south to NJ, PA and OH. Reports from WV and KY are misidentifications. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine micranthera | Streambank Bittercress, Small-anthered Bittercress | Sand and gravel bars in creeks, swampy floodplain woods, seepage over rocks. | A narrow endemic, known only from Stokes County, NC and Patrick County, VA, and apparently extirpated from Forsyth County, NC | |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine occulta | Hidden Bittercress | Disturbed areas. | Native of e. Asia. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine parviflora var. arenicola | Sand Bittercress | Various habitats, primarily seasonally wet areas with shallow soil or sand, also on mafic outcrop glades, as on greenstone, diabase, and nutrient-rich granites. | The typic variety is Eurasian; our variety is widespread in e. North America, also occurring in the Pacific Northwest. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine pensylvanica | Quaker Bittercress | Various wet habitats, especially swampy depressions, streambanks, small woodland seeps. | NL (Newfoundland), NL (Labrador), NT, and AK south to FL, TX, and CA. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine pratensis | Pink Cuckoo-flower | Wetlands. | Native of Eurasia. |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine rotundifolia | American Bittercress, Mountain Watercress | Seeps, streambanks, swampy depressions, sand and gravel bars in creeks. | A Central/Southern Appalachian endemic: n. DE, PA, and w. NY, west to OH and KY, south to w. NC (records from n. GA are misidentified). |  |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine species 1 | Ouachita Toothwort | Mesic forests, especially stream terraces and slopes over novaculite but also shale in the Athens Plateau. | Endemic to Ouachita Mountains. | |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine species 2 | Arkansas Dissected Toothwort | Moist forests. | Endemic to AR. | |
| Brassicaceae | Cardamine species 3 | Alabama Forked Toothwort | Moist forests. | Endemic to sc. AL (near Tuscaloosa). |
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