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Key to Simaroubaceae

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1 Leaves odd-pinnately compound.
  2 Leaflets narrowly ovate, acuminate at the apex, at least the lowermost on a leaf with prominent glands at the tip of shallow lobes along the lower margin of the leaflets; [exotic, widespread]; [tribe Ailantheae]
  2 Leaflets elliptical, obtuse at the apex, lacking shallow lobes and glands; [native, of peninsular FL]; [tribe Simaroubeae]
1 Leaves simple or unifoliolate (appearing simple).
    3 Leaves < 2.5 cm long and < 0.7 cm wide, coriaceous; [of dry sites in s. TX southwards]; [tribe Casteleae]
    3 Leaves > 9 cm long and > 3 cm wide; [of wetland sites of se. TX, AR, MO, MS, FL, and GA]; [tribe Leitnerieae]

Key F: woody angiosperms with alternate, compound leaves

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1 Leaves 2-foliolate or 1-foliolate (and then deeply notched).
  2 Leaves 1-foliolate (2-lobed)
  2 Leaves 2-foliolate
1 Leaves 3-, 5-, to many-foliolate.
    3 Leaves 3-foliolate.
      4 Plant a liana, climbing by twining, by tendrils, or by adventitious roots.
        5 Leaves coarsely toothed or lobed. {add Eleutherococcus trifoliatus ARALIACEAE}
          6 Leaflets obovate or broadly elliptic (broadest at or above the middle), the teeth or lobes primarily or solely in the apical half of the leaf; plant climbing by leaf-opposed tendrils
          6 Leaflets orbicular or ovate (broadest at the middle or below the middle), the teeth or lobes primarily or solely in the basal half of the leaf; plant climbing by stem twining or by dense, reddish adventitious roots.
             7 Plant climbing by the stem twining; [plant not actually woody, but so robust as to often be assumed to be so]
             7 Plant climbing by dense, reddish adventitious roots attaching the stem to tree trunks or rock outcrops
      4 Plant a shrub (sometimes scrambling or occasionally high-climbing with the support of other vegetation, but lacking the specialized climbing structures listed above).
               8 Stems armed with small prickles or stout thorns.
                 9 Stems with stout thorns at the nodes; fruit a hesperidium (orange-like, but densely hairy)
                 9 Stems with many small prickles along the internodes; fruit either a legume, or an aggregate of drupelets, or a hip.
                   10 Leaflets with 2 rounded lateral lobes near the base, otherwise entire; fruit a legume
                   10 Leaflets serrate and sometimes also cleft; fruit either an aggregate of drupelets or a hip
                     11 Leaflets serrulate, crenulate, serrate, with a few coarse and jagged teeth (spine-tipped or not), or shallowly lobed.
                       12 Leaflets serrate, with a few coarse and jagged teeth (spine-tipped or not), or shallowly lobed.
                          13 Leaflets with 2 prominent, rounded lobes near the base; fruit a legume; flowers > 3 cm long, corollas bilaterally symmetrical, red, in a terminal raceme
                          13 Leaflets serrate and sometimes also cleft, or with a few coarse and jagged teeth (spine-tipped or not); fruit either a tan or red drupe or a red berry; flowers < 1 cm across, corollas radially symmetrical, green, yellow, or white, in axillary or terminal panicles or racemes
                            14 Leaflets with a few spine-tipped teeth; fruit a red berry; [TX westwards]
                            14 Leaflets not spine-tipped; fruit a red or tan drupe; [collectively widespread]
                                16 Leaflets < 2 cm long; stems and branches dark green
                                16 Leaflets 5-15 cm long; stems and branches tan to brown
                                  17 Leaves pinnately trifoliolate, a rachis present as an extension of the petiole past the point of attachment of the 2 lateral leaflets, the terminal leaflet borne on a petiolule at the terminus of the rachis, with an obvious joint present between the rachis and petiolule
                                  17 Leaves palmately trifoliolate, the terminal leaflet typically with a longer petiolule than the lateral leaflets, but lacking a rachis (the petiolule of the terminal leaflet attached at the same point as the 2 lateral leaflets and unjointed)
    3 Leaves with 5-many leaflets (poorly developed leaves in some species with only 3 leaflets).
                                       19 Leaves palmately-pedately 5-foliolate (the lateral 2 leaflets on each side borne on a common Y-shaped stalk).
                                                            29 Plant armed with prickles on the stem, and sometimes also on the axes and main veins of the leaves
                                                                 31 Foliage blue-green; leaflets obovate, rounded or notched at the tip; flowers 4-5-merous, the sepals green, the petals yellow; fruit a capsule
                                                                                    40 Leaves with conspicuous leafy stipules, often adnate to the petiole; plant a liana or small to medium shrub; leaves serrate, often sharply and prominently so; leaves not strongly aromatic when fresh, lacking pellucid punctate glands on the surface
                                                                                    40 Leaves lacking leafy stipules; plant a tree or tall shrub; leaves entire or obscurely crenate or serrate; plant a tree or tall shrub; leaves either strongly aromatic when fresh, with conspicuous pellucid punctate glands or not aromatic and not pellucid-punctate.
                                                                                                          50 Leaflets with obscure crenations, not as below nor bearing glands; leaf rachis narrowly to conspicuously winged, especially towards the tip; fruit a drupe; plant a shrub or small tree
                                                                                                          50 Leaflets (especially the basal and on the basalscopic side) with 1-5 large rounded teeth, each bearing a prominent dark green gland; leaf rachis not winged; fruit a schizocarp, with 2-5 samaroid mericarps; plant a medium to large tree
                                                                                                                53 Plant a tree, freely branched; rhizome inner bark not brightly colored; flowers unisexual, the male flowers in catkins, the female flowers solitary or few in a spike, the perianth greenish or tan and inconspicuous; fruit a nut covered by a dehiscent or indehiscent involucre
                                                                                                                53 Plant a short shrub, < 1 m tall, little branched; rhizome inner bark of fresh plants bright yellow; flowers bisexual, petals absent, the 5 petaloid sepals maroon; inflorescence a drooping panicle from the base of the new year’s growth; fruit an aggregate of follicles
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